Cantils, Copperheads & Cottonmouths

Agkistrodon is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in North America from the United States south to northern Costa Rica. The name is derived from the Greek words ancistro, meaning "hook" and odon, which means "tooth", and is likely a reference to the fangs. Three species are currently recognized, all of them polytypic and closely related. Members of this genus have a number of features in common. All species have a relatively broad head with short fangs. A loreal scale is present, except in A. piscivorus. There are usually nine large symmetrical platelike scales on the crown of the head, but in all species these are often irregularly fragmented or have sutures, especially in A. bilineatus. All have a sharply defined canthus rostralis and a vertically elliptical pupil. There are 6-10 (usually 8) supralabial scales and 8-13 (usually 10-11) sublabials. The dorsal scales are mostly keeled and at midbody number 21-25 (usually 23), while A. piscivorus has 23-27 (usually 25). There are 127-157 ventral scales and 36-71 subcaudals. Of the latter, some may be divided. The anal scale is single. All have a color pattern of 10-20 dark crossbands on a lighter ground color, although sometimes the crossbands are staggered as half bands on either side of the body.

Cantils

• Cantil A. b. bilineatus (Günther, 1863)
• Castellana A. b. howardgloydi (Conant, 1984)
• Yucatecan cantil A. b. russeolus (Gloyd, 1972)
• Taylor's cantil A. b. taylori (Burger & Robertson, 1951)

• Southern copperhead A. c. contortrix (Linnaeus, 1766)
• Broad-banded copperhead A. c. laticinctus (Gloyd & Conant, 1934)
• Northern copperhead A. c. mokasen (Palisot de Beauvois, 1799)
• Osage copperhead A. c. phaeogaster (Gloyd, 1969)
• Trans-pecos copperhead A. c. pictigaster (Gloyd & Conant, 1943)

• Florida cottonmouth A. p. conanti (Gloyd, 1969)
• Western cottonmouth A. p. leucostoma (Troost, 1836)
• Eastern cottonmouth A. p. piscivorus (Lacépède, 1789)

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