Last month I visited Kerala, a south Indian state, with my friend and rescuing partner Axy (Akshay Parhalkar) and our teacher Mr. Iqbal Shaikh (a legend of Indian herpetology and holder of the title “snake man of India” during the 1970s) in search of King Cobra. We weren't lucky enough to find one, but still had some great experiences.

It was the last day of our trip so we decided on a riverside jungle herping adventure. For the first two hours we were not able to find anything. Tired and exhausted, Axy and I decided to have a quick bath in the river. I still remember the lines said by Sir, "Don’t go too far, as I have a strong feeling that we’ll get something at the river bank only."

Keeping that in mind, we were swimming close to the riverbank and suddenly we heard some villagers shouting, "Snake snake." Hearing that word, Axy and I ran and jumped between the huge river rocks towards the direction of the crowd. After reaching the spot we realized that both of us forgot to wear our clothes and we were just wearing our boxers/underwear, but we didn’t let it bother us and continued with our task.

It was a fat and healthy 8-foot Indian rat snake trying to hide under a rock, so I pulled it out gently. It didn’t take much time for the snake to turn into an aggressive creature, so we decided to do a head catch. It was a strong snake so it was a bit difficult for head catch and Axy got bitten while doing the head catch. After making the snake calm we got dressed and clicked some photographs.

The most embarrassing and funny part of this incident was that we were watched and clicked by more than 20 villagers during the task when both of us were "almost naked." This incident still makes us laugh and it adds an unforgettable experience to my life.

The kukri snake, Oligodon arnesis, isn't very familar to snake lovers from the African and American continents. If you're among them, you probably wonder where he got his name.

These snakes are called "kukri" because their teeth/fangs look like a Nepali weapon called the kukri.

Despite their weaponized name, these snakes are non-venomous. They are found in many Asian countries including China, Thailand, and Malaysia.

India is home to 12-13 species of kukri snakes amongst which the banded kukri is the most common -- and probably why it's also called the common kukri snake.

The body of the banded kukri is round with a short tail, and the body color is ash-or reddish-brown with black or brown bands. The underside is white and usually three black ‘V’ shapes are present on the head.

These beautiful snakes are found in ant hills, crevices in rocks, tree hollows, old houses, or heaps of stones. It’s a shy-natured snake and generally they don’t bite, but there's no guarantee as I have been a victim of their painful bite. They feed on reptile eggs, geckos, skinks, and mice. These snakes constrict their prey with 2-3 coils before swallowing it. Size varies from 40-70cms in adults. They are oviparous by nature, laying 5-7 eggs in crevices.

It’s always a joyful experience during the rescue of these snakes as they are usually quiet and I love them, even though I still carry some fear because of that one bad experience.

Photo: Riyaz Khoja

India has 17 species of pit viper, mostly found on trees. The hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) is an exception.

Hump-nosed pit vipers are found in Goa and some parts of Karnataka, India. Like other pit vipers these snakes have hemotoxic venom, but mildly so. These snakes are not fatal to humans as they are very rarely found on rescues and they mostly spend their entire lives in forests.

Hump-nosed pit vipers are nocturnal by nature but sometimes are seen coiled on rocks near streams, low bushes, or under fallen leaves on the ground during day. The head of this snake is pointed and triangular with a tip curved upwards, giving it its lance-headed apperance.

The body color is grey or brown with dark brown bands and yellowish or reddish tail tip. What I like best about the young hump-nosed pit vipers is the way they wriggle their tails to attract lizards, skinks, and geckos.

The maximum size of hump-nosed pit vipers is 55 cm. These beautiful snakes are viviparous by nature and give birth to 4-10 young ones.



It was really an unforgettable experience encountering this beauty in the jungles of Goa while herping at 2 AM. I was so amazed to see this snake that I didn't leave the place for 1-2 hours. I just sat on a rock and observed the snake until it disappeared in the dried leaves.

Photos: Riyaz Khoja

"Pit viper" a very familiar name to all snake lovers across the world. India is home to 17 species of pit viper; I'm sure this is the largest snake family in the country. One can find pit vipers in all parts of India.

The bamboo pit viper, Trimeresurus gramineus, is the most commonly found pit viper in India. Studies say tree pit vipers are hemotoxic by nature, but their venom is mild compared to the vipers on the land. I guess this might be the reason for excluding pit vipers from the "Indian big four" venomous snakes. There is no proper evidence of any deaths caused by pit viper bite in India, and even I have not come across a case during my research.

The bamboo pit viper is moss-green, yellowish-green, or bright green, with a faint or distinct brown or black pattern on its back. This pattern is darker in juveniles. The head is triangular, flat, and broad, and the eyes have vertical pupils.

Pit-like sensory organs are present between each eye and nostril. Lip scales are yellowish, and the underside is pearl white or yellowish.

Pit vipers are found in hilly forests. They are slow moving, and it vibrates its tail when disturbed and may strike with mouth wide open.

Bamboo pit vipers feed on small mammals, mice, young birds, frogs, and lizards. The maximum length is 3.5 to 4ft. They are viviparous by nature and give birth to 5-15 young ones. A captive female in Maharashtra had given birth to 21 young ones.

As I have mentioned a couple of times in my articles, it's very difficult to find tree snakes in my area as it's a concrete jungle, so I never rescued a bamboo pit viper. But because they are somewhat easily found on herpings, I have come across these snakes many times, and these are one of my favourites -- as I've said before, "I love the shade of green."



I would thank my friend Riyaz Khoja for allowing me to share these beautiful photographs.

The Günther's racer, Coluber gracilis , (non-venomous), is one of the species of racer snakes found in India.

It is named after the great German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist Albert Günther.

Racer snakes are known for their speed and quickness; the Günther's racer is also known for his beautiful appearance, with large eyes having round pupils, and grayish-brown body with narrow, black-edged yellow bands.

These bands are darker toward the head and lighter toward the tail. The head can be distinctively identified with a black-edged yellow inverted ‘V’ mark. The underside is white.

An average size of Günther's racer that I’ve been familiar with was 30-50cms long. This beautiful, fast snake lives under dried leaves or stones and feeds on geckos and skinks. It is viviparous by nature and lays 4-7 eggs during May and June.

I've only had the opportunity to rescue these beautiful snakes three times. When I got the call about Günther's racer, it was from someone I knew telling me a tiny snake entered her office. She even sent me its picture online, but before I had a look at the picture I was planning to transfer the call to another rescuer because the place was around 20 miles away. However, the picture was very helpful for me to recognize it was a Günther's racer.

I decided to rescue this tiny creature myself, as it is very rare to find one. It was a very delightful rescue, as it was an average sized Günther's racer which helped me a lot in my research as well.

Photo: Riyav Khoja

Recently India has been facing a lot of weather and climatic changes. Sometimes it's really hot in winter and sometimes it rains in summer. I usually avoid herping during the summers as the climate is very hot and humid, and the forests are dried up to a certain extent.

In my city, it rained many times in March. A group of herpetologist friends and I decided to go herping in some nearby hills. Four of us were all set for herping.

Me and my group of friends have been into rescuing, conservation, and study of snakes for the past five years, and all of them are part of a new generation of Indian reptile hobbyists. So I would like to introduce them: Akshay Parahalkar (Axy), metalhead and a snake rescuer and studying reptiles; Anirudh Rathod, a newcomer who has been doing great work in snake rescuing; Riyaz Khoja, who I mentioned in my previous article, a very good wildlife photographer and snake rescuer who always helps me with his magnificent photographs for my articles.

So coming back to my story, we started herping at 7 AM so we could see some of our reptilian friends basking in the sun. It did not take much time to find one.

Axy and Anirudh were the ones to spot this amazing snake called the common bronzeback tree snake, Dendrelaphis tristis, one of the beautiful tree snakes of India. The common bronzeback is thin and long with flat elongated head and large eyes with round pupils. A brown or bronze stripe runs along top of body from head to tail. The underside is yellowish, bluish-green, or light green.The upper lip scales are light yellow.The size varies from 3.5 ft to 5.5 ft, and is viviparous by nature.



After finding this beauty, Riyaz clicked these beautiful photographs and we continued with our herping.

Photos: Riyaz Khoja

When I started with my studies on Indian snakes, I was really surprised when I read that India has five species of coral snake. I used to believe these highly beautiful snakes were only found in American countries.

I can find a few in my area, but I have to be lucky enough to get one, and never got a chance to rescue any. Whenever I go herping, I always tell my fellow companions that for a particular period of time they have to search only for coral snakes.

The striped coral snake is very rare to find as compared to other venomous snakes, and very shy by nature. I have never seen an aggressive coral, and to be frank I still don't know how coral snakes attack because I haven’t seen any of them attacking.

That's why, despite being venomous, coral snakes are not included in the “Indian Big Four” as they are not highly harmful as compared to vipers and cobras.

The striped coral snake, Calliophis nigrescens, is thin, very long, and has a cylindrical body with short tail. The body is blackish-blue, bluish-purple, or reddish-brown. There are 3-5 stripes on their body, but they are extremely faint in blue and black individuals.

The head is black with a light streak behind the eyes. The underside is red and the scales under tail are partly white.



Striped coral snakes are found mainly under dried leaves. They curl up their tail as a threat display when they are disturbed. They feed mainly on other snakes and viviparous by nature. These snakes are endemic to certain parts of western hilly areas of India.

I have encountered this snake only twice on my herpings. When I found the striped coral snake ,it was really unbelievable and I forced my companions to pinch me so I could believe I'd really found this beautiful creature.

Photos: Riyaz Khoja