Photo: Tom Charlton
The unique venom that the Blue Coral Snake is one of a kind, offering a new understanding of ways to relieve pain. It is also one of the most deadly snakes because of it with the ability to kill a human in 5 minutes.

The venom has been of particular interest to scientists, not just because of the snake’s uniquely long glands, but because it causes its victims to spasm – a trait that no other snake venom possesses.

“On the scale of weird, this one goes to 11,” Queensland University venomologist Bryan Fry said. “It’s a freaky snake.”

Along with a team of international researchers, Dr Fry has been the first to identify six unique peptides that allow the snake to switch on all of its prey’s nerves at once.

Read the full study at Techly.

Photo: Canadian Press
One of the hardest aspects of fighting legislation is the belief that we reptile owners do not bond with our pets. For those of us living day to day with reptiles, this is something we know all too well. It does not matter if you have 1 or 100, there is a bond between us as owners and our pets based on trust and compassion.

David Poingdestre was one of the other reptile owners who pushed back against the bylaw.

For the 52-year-old, the prospect of having some of his pets taken away is devastating.

"They are, at the moment, what I live for," said Poingdestre, who suffers from chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia.

Read the full study at Sudbury.com. Tell us how reptiles have enriched and changed your life!

A burrowing frog floating quietly between the bleating calls.
Despite overwhelming support against the law change from residents and pet owners in the state, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife has passed a rule increasing fines for illegal wildlife ownership, making it harder for those who wish to breed, buy or sell, new ownership restrictions for exotic pets and lastly a third party contractor will be in charge of inspections.

From Centralmaine.com:

Before that vote, opinions about the rule changes were mixed. In a public comment period earlier this summer, the agency received a couple hundred letters, said Nate Webb, a biologist with the state Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.

At a public hearing in June, a few Mainers and non-Mainers supported the changes, arguing they will ensure animals are treated better while in captivity.

But a greater number of attendees at the June hearing — including breeders, collectors, rehabilitators and researchers — expressed concern about the proposal .

We will be watching closely to see when the full rules are posted. Shame on Maine, your residents spoke up and you did not listen.

This action alert just came in from USARK. Oregon has the ability to change laws through a rulemaking process which is faster, however reduces our time to respond.

ACTION ALERT Oregon state: Comment by March 4.

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has proposed some rule changes which will negatively impact both native and exotic animal keepers. The changes may even harm the animals by requiring sterilization of animals that are rarely, if ever, sterilized. While good intention may be the basis for these proposals, ODFW may not be aware of the negative impacts associated with the new rules.

One big change is that it will be illegal to keep animals listed under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). This list includes many non-native species that have been kept and bred in the U.S. for many decades, hence, not affecting wild populations. That list includes not only herps like Radiated tortoises, but many macaws, other birds, fish and even chinchillas. which are commonly kept as pets.

View the full ACTION ALERT at USARK's website here.

Fire Salamander - Gallery Photo by firereptiles
To help prevent a deadly fungus from killing native salamanders, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is publishing an interim rule tomorrow to list 201 salamander species as injurious wildlife and barring their importation into the United States and interstate trade of those already in the country.

The fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans also known as Bsal or salamander chytrid, has wreaked havoc on salamander species overseas and poses an imminent threat to native salamanderpopulations. The fungus is not yet known to be found in the United States, and to help ensure it remains that way, the Service is publishing an interim rule that will take effect on January 28, 2016.

A species can be listed under the Lacey Act because it is injurious to the health and welfare of humans; the interests of forestry, agriculture, or horticulture; or the welfare and survival of wildlife or the resources that wildlife depend upon. In listing these species, the Service is responding to science that shows that Bsal is an imminent threat to U.S. wildlife.

For more information please visit this link http://www.fws.gov/injuriouswildlife/salamanders.html

The International Iguana Foundation has published a video outlining the crisis faced by the Jamaican Iguana (Cyclura collei). Endemic to Jamaica, it is the largest native land animal in the country, and is critically endangered, even considered extinct between 1948 and 1990. Once found throughout Jamaica and on the offshore islets Great Goat Island and Little Goat Island, it is now confined to the forests of the Hellshire Hills.

Save Goat Islands, Jamaica

Jamaica's Portland Bight Protected Area and Goat Islands are threatened by the development of a mega port. This is the last place on earth Jamaican Iguanas exist, and home to tens of thousands of people who depend upon the fisheries of the Portland Bight. If destroyed..... it cannot be replaced. Watch, share, and join us in the fight to protect it. #savegoatislands
Double Life Films Robin Moore Conservation Photographer NatureStills Jamaica Environment Trust

Posted by International Iguana Foundation on Thursday, December 10, 2015

Photo: SUMA AQUALIFE PARK
Crossing a railroad track is difficult for turtles with their slow speed. They also are at risk for falling between the tracks and getting stuck, until eventually run over or caught in part of the track’s rail-switching mechanism. Not only do the turtles lose their lives, but the trains can become damaged, causing delays in service.

In an effort to prevent more turtle's deaths while crossing train tracks at Suma Aqualife Park in Kobe, Japan a new turtle crossing has been developed and installed. Carving out U-shaped concrete escape ditches that run beneath the tracks they have escape paths conveniently located close to the tracks’ switch points, where turtles most often get trapped.

Ever since the turtle escape tunnels have been implemented this past April, at least 10 turtles left the train tracks via their new route — saving their lives and minimizing any expenses that may have resulted from train repairs and delays.

Read more at Discovery.

Photo: GetSurry
The most comforting thing in young Charlie Burnett's life is his pet snake. Charlie is a high functioning autistic child and also suffers from Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome (PDA), which can result in emotional meltdowns when stress levels are too high.

“It’s changed Charlie’s world,” she told the Woking Advertiser. “I can’t tell you the difference it’s made to our family. We’ve had hamsters in the past but they have done nothing. He’s not interested in them But now I know I can come home from work, take the snake out of the box and he’ll be calm.”

It has also changed his parents feelings on snakes.

“I’m not a snake lover, I’m petrified of them,” admitted Ms Gridley, saying the same went for her partner.

“But being fearful of them is outweighed by the benefit. We grin through the fear.”

REad the full story at GetSurry.

Photo: Photo: Sun Sentinal
The Palm Beach Zoo recently noticed Hannah, one of their Komodo Dragons (Varanus komodoensis), was showing pain symptoms. After a CT scan to better pinpoint the source of her discomfort, they brought in a new treatment, acupuncture, to comfort her without the possible side effects from medications. Although acupuncture is a common treatment for humans and other mammals, it is a relatively new treatment methodology in the reptile world.

"Although the research is still inconclusive, current findings suggest that the mediators released by acupuncture may serve to lessen or block the pain response." Dr. Cara Pillitteri

Hopefully more holistic treatments like acupuncture will prove to be successful and can be used to treat other reptiles who suffer as well without having to resort to medications and their side effects.

Read more and see the video at Sun Sentinal.

A new snake crosses your table, although it exhibits traits of a known venomous snake, it is missing several key markers.

What is it? Is it venomous? If so, just how venomous is it?

The situation becomes less an exercise in academics when the unknown subject of your research bites you.

That is the situation herpetologist Karl P. Schmidt found himself in at The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago in 1957. After being bitten his time was limited and he knew it. So he did what any good researcher would do, he documented it. He knew there was no accessible anti-venom, but never believed he had received the full dose of venom. In a short video, you spend those last hours with him as he documents his experience.

Read more at Science Friday.

Gallery Photo by user dallashawks
Currently the genomes of only 9 species of reptiles (among 10 000 species) are available to the scientific community. To change this a team at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Swit- zerland, has produced a large database including, among others, the newly-sequenced genome of the corn snake, Pantherophis guttatus, a species increasingly used to understand the evolution of reptiles. Within the same laboratory, the researchers have discovered the exact mutation that causes albinism in that species.

Suzanne Saenko collaborated with a Swedish team, to identify in the corn snake the mutation responsible for amelanism, a form of albinism due to a defect in the production of melanin (the black and brown pigments of the skin). The skin of the wild type corn snake exhibits a light orange background colour covered with a pattern of dark orange dorsal saddles and lateral blotches that are out- lined with black, however, some individuals lack all signs of melanin in the skin and eyes. The Swiss team decided to search for the DNA mutation that determines that specific coloration. To this end, they bred wild-type corn snakes with amelanistic individuals and they sequenced each offspring born from that cross.

Thanks to the newly-sequenced genome of the corn snake, the precise identification of other mutations responsible for multiple variations of snake skin coloration will be greatly facilitated.

Read more at phys.org

Pygmy Freshwater Crocodile - Photo: Adam Britton
Long time friend of kingsnake.com and famed crocodillian researcher Adam Britton is attempting to save the Pygmy Freshwater Crocodiles in Australia. Although they are considered the same species as the Freshwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni), researchers are looking into genetic variations that may lead to their listing as a brand new species.

The biggest threat to the Pygmy Freshwater Crocodiles is sadly the invasive Cane Toad (Rhinella marina). The crocs appear to be very susceptible to the toxins from the toads. Working in a partnership with local landowners, the project has passed it's first hurdle. Now it needs our support.

Read more about the Pygmy Freshwater Crocodiles and watch the video at Tiny Toothies.

photo by Grant Adams
Grant Adams will always have a little something extra to remember his time in the Peace Corp. Adams, a recent graduate in biology from Denison University was just hoping to find some scientific task to keep his resume up to date. He sent an e-mail to a mailing list for ecologists, offering to collect data for them during his two-year stint in the Andes. He heard back from Tiffany Doan, a biologist from the University of Central Florida who asked him to collect lizards instead.

"I had no interest in lizards or snakes at all, but it sounded like something fun I could do," "It's going to be one of those lifelong stories, discovering a species," "I'll always carry that with me." - Grant Adams

It wasn't long before they had their lizard, a species Doan had never seen before, and it quickly became obvious that the lizard had never been formally described. Doan's studies formalized the lizard in the literature as Euspondylus paxcorpus.

Read more at The Washington Post

Tuatara Gallery photo with the late Rico Walder
The rare New Zealand Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) doesn't have a penis but it may go a long way to help scientists understand phallic evolution.

Researchers at the University of Florida in Gainesville found that the tuatara develop tiny nubbins as an embryo but the development of these nubbins stalls and they never form into a proper penis. Nubbins represent an early trace of the phallic development process. This initial growth suggests the phallus developed only once throughout the evolution of mammals and reptiles, according to the UF researchers.

Their research indicates that the tuataras lost a phallus, indicating that the basic penis evolved only once.

Check out more at Wired.CO.UK

It's a sad sight no self-respecting reptile hobbyist wants to see. Three pet Boa constrictors, purposely frozen and then dumped along a rural road. Sheriff’s deputies in northern Wisconsin are investigating a reptile mistreatment case after the reptiles were found frozen in a tote box along a road near Irma.

The Lincoln County Humane Society says it appears no one wanted the snakes and chose to kill them by filling the tote with water and deliberately freezing them. Temperatures were well above freezing when the snakes were found this week.

With all the reptile rescues and education programs, as well as regular animal shelters, there is no need to euthanize healthy snakes in this manner. If you have a reptile you can no longer care for please make an effort to place them with a rescue organization. If you have to euthanize a sick or injured reptile, please do so humanely, and please dispose of the remains properly.

To read more, please visit Fox6Now.com

The owner of a king cobra that went AWOL for over a month in Orlando Florida is appealing a ruling that he should no longer be able to own venomous snakes.
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has ordered to revoke the "sanctuary status" of the facility, which the commission said was applied in error. The escaped king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah, went missing in early September and was not found until a month later when it turned up in a neighbor's laundry room under a dryer.

The new details came one day after the State Attorney’s Office said the owner would be charged with three counts in connection with the venomous snake’s escape. He is charged with holding wildlife in an improper manner that caused it to escape, not maintaining proper housing and failing to report the escape immediately.

For more read the full story at UPI.COM

Gallery photo by user Dean Alessandrin
Police are trying to track down a Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) stolen from the Pierrelatte crocodile farm in the Drôme département of southeastern France. The monitor lizard was one of four on loan from the Barcelona Zoo where it was born in captivity.

"This is the work of an enthusiast, or at least someone who was acting on orders," farm manager Samuel Martin

The dragon, which weighed around 12 pounds and measured 4 feet long, was the only reptile taken by the thieves who used a cloth over the lizard's eyes to prevent it from panicking.

Read more at TheLocal.fr.

Gallery photo by user antshrike
The British newspaper The Guardian has published an in depth article targeting the illegal trade in protected lizard species in Europe. The article details some of the species it's undercover reporters encountered in their search, including Earless Monitor Lizards and Alligator Lizards, as well as others.

“All the specimens (of Earless Monitor Lizards) available outside Borneo have been illegally obtained and brought there,” Mark Auliya, IUCN’s monitor lizard specialist group

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) will hear proposals to ban the international trade in earless monitor and some arboreal alligator lizards at its next conference in South Africa in 2016.

To read more, check out The Guardian

kingsnake.com gallery photo by chaz901
Four campers in Maryland that decided to go all "Bear Grylls" on a protected timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, by killing it with a BB gun then grilling and eating it, have been sentenced to probation and a $200.00 fine and probation from 14 to 28 months each. Court records show the men from Glen Burnie plead guilty Tuesday in district court to possessing or destroying the snake, a state-protected species.

A fifth defendant is scheduled for trial Dec. 8.

To read more check out the story at ABC11.com

Photo: (Photo: Andrea Stetson/Special to The News-Press)

Two locations in Florida are reporting record sea turtle nests this year, despite the actual numbers of hatchlings being slightly lower than last year.

Collier County and Sanibel Island in Lee County smashed the turtle nesting record for the second year in a row, with 1,510 nests laid on Collier beaches this season and 522 nests laid on Sanibel.

"We had a really good year" "At the end of July we had storms that lasted over a period of 3-4 days with extremely high tides so we did have some inundations and some washouts," "Last year we didn't have any storm issues at all." - Maura Kraus.

The 2015 numbers on Sanibel and Captiva include 26 green turtle nests, which is a record for green turtles as most of the turtles that lay eggs on the local beaches are loggerhead turtles.

To read the full article, visit The News Press.