Antivenom/First Aid References

Cox JC, Moisidis AV, Shepard JM, Drane DP, Jones SL. A novel format for a rapid sandwich EIA and its application to the idenfication of snake venoms and enteric viral pathogens. J Immunol Methods 1992: 146: 293-294

Exton DR, Fenner PJ, Williamson JA. Cold packs: Effective topical analgesia in the treatment of painful stings by Physalia and other Jellyfish. Med J Aust 1989; 151: 625-6

Hartwick R, Callanan V, Williamson J. Disarming the box-jellyfish. Nematocyst inhibition in Chironex fleckeri. Med J Aust 1980; 1:15-20

Howarth DM, Southee AE, Whyte IM Lymphatic flow rates and first-aid in simulated peripheral snake or spider envenomation. Med J Aust 1994; 161:695-700

Sutherland SK, Coulter AR, Harris RD. The rationalisation of first aid measures for elapid snake bite. Lancet 1979; 1:183-6

Sutherland SK, Duncan AW. New first-aid measures of envenomation: with special reference to bites by the Sydney Funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus). Med J Aust 1980; 1: 378-9

Sutherland SK, Coulter AR, Harris RD, Lovering KE, Roberts ID. A study of the major Australian snake venoms in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). 1. The movement of injected venom, methods which retard the movement, and the response to antivenoms. Pathol 1981; 13:13-27Sutherland SK 'Australian Animal Toxins', Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1983

Sutherland SK, King K. Managment of snake bite in Australia. Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia Monograph Series No. 1 1991

Sutherland SK, Leonard RL. Snake bite deaths in Australia 1992-1994 and a management update. Med J Aust 1995; 163: 616-618

For more information regarding first aid procedures, contact Dr. Ken Winkel at the Australian Venom Research Unit

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