Antivenom Manufactures
Antivenom General information:
Snakes
are being uses for hundreds of years for medical treatment. In the 12th
century was snake venom used by doctors to threat leprosy. The idea behind snake
venom to treat leprosy was that snakes shed their skin and loose little wounds
in there skin. In the 18th century rattlesnake venom was used as
lotion and for oral medication against 50 diseases without success. Even in the
19th century doctors still used venom from the Water Moccasin snake (Agkistrodon
bilineates) to stop noose bleeding after teeth were pulled by the dentist.
Venom of the Indian cobra (Naja naja)
was been used to recognize schizophrenia.
Now
a days snake venom is used in the development of many medicines to treat
different diseases. A experimental medicine named Ancrod® is made out of
rattlesnake venom and is been used to treat strokes. A protein out of the venom
of the Copperhead snake (Agkistrodon
contortrix) named contotrostatin
slows down the grow from cancer cells and further research needs to be done for
curing lung cancer and breast cancer. Hundreds other examples can be given.
The
best known medicine made out of snake venom is antivenom. In 1894 found Mr.
Albert Calmette a way to hyper- immunize animals against snake venom, by
injecting them with small quantities of venom and increasing the dose slowly. He
also showed that he could safe animals with his antivenom. The findings from
Calmette are even now still used as a base to produce antivenom.
Different
species of animals are used in the production of antivenom. Alltough horses,
rabbits, sheep, goats and chickens are used most.
First,
the venom is "milked" from the snake.. Then, it's diluted and injected
into a horse or goat or other animal. As the animal builds up immunity to the
venom, the dosage is increased, and the animal creates blood rich in antibodies.
Antibodies
are blood proteins created to fight antigens. These antibodies collect in the
serum, which is eventually separated from the dark red cells. After the serum
has been purified a little more, it's ready to be injected at a moment's notice.
South
Africa Vaccine Producers PTY Ltd.
Fax:
27-11-882-0812
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool.
Polyvalent:
Puff adder (Bitis arietans), Gaboen viper (B. gabonica), Rinkhals
(Hemachatus heamachatus), Green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps),Jameson’s
mamba (D. jamesoni), Black mamba (D. polylepis), Cape cobra
(Naja nivea), Forest cobra (N.
melanoleuca), Snouted cobra (N.haje annulifera), Mossambique Spitting
cobra (N. mossambica).
Institute
of
No.
19, Hsu Chow Road,
Taipei, Taiwan, 100
Tel: 886- 2- 23516478- (25)
Fax: 886- 2- 23920456
E-mail: premed@ms.cc.ntu.edu.tw
All Antvenoms are liquid, Antivenom can be kept for about 5 years when kept cool.
Polyvalent: Chinese
Spitting Cobra (Naja atra), Taiwanese Krait (Bungarus multicinctus
multicinctus)
Shanghai
Institute of biological products, Ministry of Public Health
1262 Yen An Road West
Shanghai 200052,
Tel:
8621-6280-5234
Fax: 8621-6280-1807
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent
:Indian
Cobra
Maniktala Factory
Tel: 334-4151
Fax: 9133-225-7697
.
All Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept
cool
Polyvalent:
Indian cobra, Indiankrait (Bungarus caeruleus), Russell’s viperoia
russelli), Saw-scaledhis carinatus)
Central
Research Institute of
Kasuli
,
Tel: 01792-72114
Fax: 01792-72016
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent
lyophilized :
Indian Cobra, Indiankrait (Bungarus caeruleus), Banded (Bungarus
fasciatus), Russell’s viperoia Russelli), Saw-scaled vipers),
King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)
Haffkine
Biopharmaceutical Co.
M. Parel
Bombay,
Tel:
91-22-412-9320/23
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent:
Indian krait (Bangarus caeruleus), Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus),
Indian Cobra ( Naja naja), Russell’s
viper (Dabioa russelli).
Monovalent
voor: Indian krait (B.caeruleus),
, Indian Cobra (N. naja)
Serum
Institute of
212/2 Hadapsar Pune 411028,
Tel: 91-020-699-3904
Fax: 91-020-699-3921
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent
for
Polyvalent
for
Biofarma
Jalan Pasteur 28
Tel:
022-233-755
Fax: 022-204-1306
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent:
Malayan pitviper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), Black
and White Spitting cobra(Naja siamensis & emdash; sputatrix), Sumatran
Spitting cobra (N.sumatrana), Banded
krait (Bungarus fasciatus)
RAZI
Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Hessarak-karadj, P.O. Box 11365-1558,
Teheran, Iran.
Tel: 98-261-452-005/9
Fax: 98-261-452-194
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent:
Indian cobra (Naja naja), Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina),
Persian Horned viper (Pseudocerastes persicus), Saw-scaled viper (Echis
carinatus), Latifi’s viper ( Vipera latifi), Mamushi (Agkistodron
halys).
Monovalent:
Indian
cobra (Naja naja).
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent:
Monocled cobra (Naja
kaouthia)
National
Tel:
92-51-240-946
Fax: 92-51-20797
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent
:
Indian krait (Bungarus caeruleus) Banded
krait (B. fasciatus),Indian
cobra ( Naja naja) .
Biological
Production Service
Alabang, 1702 Multintupa
Metro Manila, Philippines.
Tel: 63-2-842-1333
Fax: 63-2-842-1285
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent:
Philliphin Spitting cobra (Naja naja philippinensis)
National
Institute of Preventive Medicine
161
Tel: 886-2-785-7559
Fax: 886-2-785-3944
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent
:
Many Banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus ), Chinese cobra (
Monovalent:
Many Banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Chinese cobra (
The
Goverment Pharmaceutical Organization
Tel:
66-2- 2460042
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool,
the producing line of Antivenom will be arranged by the Thai Red Cross Institute
Monovalent:
Siamese
cobra ( Naja kaouthia),
National
Blood Center, Thai Red Cross Society
Henri Dunant Road
Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Tel: 66-2- 252-4106-9
Fax: 66-2- 255-5558
Thai
Red Cross Society
Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute
Rama IV Road
Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Tel:
66-2- 252-0161-4
Fax: 66-2- 254-0212
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent:
King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Siamese
cobra ( Naja kaouthia) Banded
krait ( Bungarus fasciatus)
Uzb
Bio Pharm
Timiyazeva 37-b
Tel:
37-12-34-79-84
Fax: 34-79-81
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent:
Central Asian cobra’s (Naja oxiana)
CSL
Limited
Fax:
613-9389-1160
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Monovalent:
Brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) Tiger snake (Notechis scutatus)
Black snake (Pseudoechis australis) Taipans (Oxyuranus scuttelatus)
Deathadder (Acanthopis antarcticus)
Polyvalent
:
Sea snakes (Hydrophidae), Brown snakes (Pseudonaja textilis),
Tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus), Black snakes (Pseudoechis
australis), Taipans (Oxyuranus scuttelatus), Deathadders ( Acanthopis
antarcticus ) .
Pasteur-Merieux-Connaught
58 Ave Leclerc, 69007 Lyon, France.
Fax:
33-4-37-37-7737
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent:
White bellied Saw-scaled viper ( Echis leucogaster ) , Saw-scaled
viper (E. ocellatus ) , Puff adder (Bitis arietans), Gaboen viper
( B. gabonica), Egyptian cobra (Naja haje), Forest cobra ( N.
melanoleuca), Black-necked Spitting cobra (N. nigricollis), Black
mamba ( Dendroaspis polylepis)
Instituto
Butantan
Av. Vital
Fax:
011-815-1505
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
Polyvalent:
Brazilian coral snakes (Micrurus corallinus), Brazilian giant coral snake
( M. frontalis)
Instituto
Clodomiro Picado
Facultad de Microbiologia, Universidad de Costa
Fax: 506-29
All
Antivenoms are liqued, Antivenom can be kept for about 3 years when kept cool
2-0485.
Monovalent : Black banded coral snake ( Micrurus nigrocinctus), ( Micrurus mipartitus)
Copyright©2002 Richard Mastenbroek
All rights reserved. No parts of this website may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the author
This page is not build to stimulate people to keep venomous snakes. All Captive information given on this page is based on own experience